Conclusions: The analysis of NR2Ab serum concentrations

might be useful for monitoring neuroprotective stroke treatment; however, further studies are required to investigate its role in acute ischemic brain injury.”
“BACKGROUND: Membrane scaling is an area of research interest because it can deteriorate membrane performance. The extent to which membrane scaling is produced varies depending upon the concentration of scale-forming species such as calcium on MLN2238 chemical structure the membrane surface. Bench-scale tests have been conducted to better understand membrane scaling in submerged membrane reactors (MBR). However, relatively few studies of membrane scaling in pilot-scale, submerged MBR have been reported. The objective of this study was to perform membrane autopsy work to analyze membrane scaling in a submerged MBR treating calcium-rich wastewater.

RESULTS: Membrane autopsy work provided evidence that deposition of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale occurred on the membrane surface at the completion of pilot-scale, submerged MBR operation. The CaCO3 scaling resulted in significant external fouling on the surface of the membrane. The membrane scaling increased the

rejection of calcium with MF membranes. However, the level of CaCO3 scaling as internal fouling (in the pores) was almost negligible. This autopsy work also showed that aeration did not play a major role CAL-101 datasheet in controlling CaCO3 scaling at the membrane surface in a submerged MBR.

Chemical cleaning using citric acid solution efficiently removed CaCO3 scale from the membrane. Combining citric acid with sodium hypochlorite pretreatment provided synergistic effects, further reducing CaCO3 scale formation.

CONCLUSION: The carbonate salt of calcium leads to precipitation resulting in surface fouling of membranes, and this cannot be removed physically by aeration in a submerged MBR treating calcium-rich wastewater. It is necessary to combine properly-selected cleaning strategies with submerged MBR treating wastewater containing a high potential for inorganic chemical precipitates. (c) 2009 Society of Chemical Industry”
“Selenium-deficiency cardiomyopathy is a known secondary complication from long-term LY2835219 treatment with a ketogenic diet for medical refractory epilepsy. Our patient, a 5-year-old boy on a ketogenic diet for intractable seizures, had a normal selenium level before starting the diet, but he shortly thereafter developed acute reversible cardiomyopathy and ventricular tachycardia, which was unmasked during a hospitalization for an elective operative procedure. His cardiomyopathy was suspected to be secondary to a selenium-deficient state and was confirmed by way of a markedly low serum selenium level and supported by rapid improvement with the initiation of selenium supplementation and cessation of the ketogenic diet.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the integration

of TB services into the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HTV (PMTCT) programme and identify barriers to the integration of services. design: Cross-sectional survey using exit interviews with pregnant women attending 10 antenatal care (ANC) clinics. Review of ANC PMTCT facility routine data. Qualitative interviews with 26 key informants on barriers to integration of TB-PMTCT services. RESULTS: Of 150 women interviewed, 112 (75%) reported being educated on TB symptoms on the day of their visit; 56% were screened for TB symptoms and 27% were suspected to have TB; 26 (17%) women were HIV-positive and 2 (8%) were co-infected with TB. There was no check details record of provision of isoniazid prophylaxis for PMTCT clients with latent tuberculous infection. The predominant barriers to the integration of TB-PMTCT services included lack of skilled providers and their supervision, the physical layout of the TB-PMTCT services and the service delivery mechanisms. CONCLUSION: The integration of TB SB431542 purchase prevention and care into the PMTCT programme was inadequate. Integration of TB services into the ANC PMTCT programme will require strong leadership to address barriers such as training gaps, lack of supervision and service delivery mechanisms.”
“A nulligravida presented in

traumatic shock and suffered pelvic trauma, including an absolute uterine rupture at the isthmus. Her uterus was reconstructed by reconnecting the uterine corpus with the cervix in an emergency surgery. Two years later, the patient became pregnant

without any assisted technology.”
“We describe the lipoprotein and apolipoprotein profiles and their relationship to cardiovascular risk factors in Australian Aboriginal children. This cross-sectional study within a longitudinal birth cohort study involved Australian Aboriginal children born between 1987 and 1990 and re-examined between 1998 and 2001. Height, weight, blood pressure, waist circumference, body fat percentage, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-c, LDL-c, apolipoprotein B and AI were measured. Mean age was 11.4 years (52% male). Mean cholesterol, triglycericle, HDL-c and LDL-c did not differ from reference data. Measures of obesity, blood pressure and prevalence of the metabolic syndrome did not differ in those children PLX3397 with lipoproteins in the upper quartile of the cohort (lower quartile for HDL-c). Boys with an Apo-B/A1 ratio in the upper quartile of the cohort had higher BMI z-score, waist z-score, % body fat, diastolic blood pressure and frequency of the metabolic syndrome (p<0.05). In girls, waist circumference, % body fat and the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was higher in those with an Apo-B/A1 ratio in the upper quartile (p<0.05).The Apo-B/A1 ratio may be useful to identify cardiovascular risk in Australian Aboriginal children and is suited to clinical practice as the assays are standardised, accurate, automated and a fasting sample is not required.

Cyclic voltammetry is used to explain

the ion exchange properties of PAMPS-co-PNHMA Navitoclax chemical structure and its possible application in the trace analysis. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 123: 929-935, 2012″
“Background Cross sectional studies have indicated that vitamin D serostatus is inversely associated with adiposity It is unknown whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for the development of adiposity in children

Objective We investigated the associations between vitamin D serostatus and changes in body mass Index (BMI in kg/m(2)) skinfold thickness ratio (subscapular to triceps) waist circumference and height in a longitudinal study in children from Bogota Colombia

Design We quantified plasma 25 hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations in baseline samples of a randomly selected group of 479 schoolchildren aged 5-12 y and classified vitamin D status as deficient [25(OH)D concentrations <50 nmol/L] insufficient [25(OH)D concentrations >= 50 and <75 nmol/L] or sufficient [25(OH)D concentrations >= 75 nmol/L] We measured anthropometric variables annually

for a median of 30 mo We estimated the average change in each anthropometric indicator according to base line vitamin D status by using multivariate mixed linear regression models

Results Vitamin D-deficient children had an adjusted C188-9 in vivo 0 1/y greater change in BMI than did vitamin D-sufficient children (P for trend = 0 05) Similarly vitamin D-deficient children had a 0 03/y (95% CI 0 01 0 05/y) greater change in subscapular to triceps skinfold thickness ratio and a 0 8 cm/y (95% CI 0 1 1 6 cm/y) greater change in waist circumference than did vitamin D-sufficient children Vitamin D deficiency was related to slower linear growth in girls (-06 cm/y P = 0 04) but not in boys (0 3 cm/y P = 0 34) however an interaction with sex was not statistically significant

Conclusion Vitamin D serostatus was

inversely associated with the development of adiposity in GSK2399872A price school age children Am J Clin Nutr 2010 92 1446-51″
“The continuity and Poisson equations are solved numerically to obtain J-V characteristics and photoconversion efficiency of a two-junction solar cell. The cell consists of a top junction comprised of nanowires with bandgap of 1.7 eV grown on a bottom junction comprised of a Si substrate. The lattice relaxation possible in nanowires permits lattice-mismatched III-V material growth on Si, thereby achieving the optimum bandgaps in a two-junction cell. The model indicates a limiting efficiency of 42.3% under a concentration of 500 Suns (AM1.5 D spectrum). This limiting efficiency is similar to that calculated for the planar lattice-matched triple-junction Ge/InGaAs/InGaP cell. Methods of fabricating the nanowire/Si cell are discussed including requirements for nanowire sidewall surface passivation. The model indicated that passivation of the nanowire sidewall surfaces that produces a surface recombination velocity of 3000 cm.

This model is used to analyze the given photonic structures in detail. We show that with a real photonic structure the loss cone losses can be reduced by”
“Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health concern, accounting for 3 million deaths annually, 90% of which occur in low- and middle-income FHPI datasheet countries. Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) as a contributory factor in the aetiology of COPD is under debate, with most epidemiologic evidence suggesting a positive

association. Objectives: To compile a systematic review of evidence for an association between PTB and the development of chronic airflow obstruction (CAO). Methods: We performed a systematic review of original English-language, peer-reviewed literature using the PubMed/MEDLINE database. CAO was defined by spirometry

[FEV1:FVC ratio <0.70 or <LLN (lower limit of normal) for age]. Results: Nineteen studies (1 case series, 3 case-control studies, 4 cohort studies, 8 single-centre cross-sectional studies and 3 multi-centre cross-sectional studies) met the eligibility criteria. All but 2 reported a positive association between selleck screening library PTB and CAO. Three of 4 large population-based surveys (n = 4,291-8,066) confirmed a significant association between PTB and CAO (OR 1.37 – 2.94). A formal meta-analysis was not possible owing to marked heterogeneity between studies. Conclusions: This systematic review confirms evidence for a positive association between a past history of tuberculosis and the presence of CAO. The association is independent of cigarette smoking. Causality is likely but cannot be assumed. Copyright (C) 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel”
“Monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) and its ancillary protein CD147 facilitate efflux of lactate from the muscle. Expression

of MCT-1 and CD147 were studied with immunohistochemistry in type I, IIA, IIAB and IIB fibres of equine Belinostat gluteal muscle. Staining intensity of MCT1 in the cytoplasm as well as in the membranes of fibre types decreased in the order I = IIA > IIAB > IIB and correlated with the oxidative capacity. Capillaries were pronounced in the MCT1 staining. CD147 antibody stained plasma membranes of all fibre types evenly, whereas the staining in the cytoplasm followed that of MCT1. In the middle gluteal muscle the expression of MCT1 follows the oxidative capacity of muscle fibres, but the expression of CD147 in sarcolemma does not vary among fibre types. The use of horse specific MCT1 and CD147 antibodies can in future studies help to evaluate lactate efflux from different muscle fibre types. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“We interpret the measured sensitivity difference of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) used as dielectric sensors of ammonia gas traces in terms of adsorption sites and effective coverages.

Surgeons and health-care personnel in fracture clinics should consider intimate partner violence when interacting with injured women.”
“Background. Since puberty starting at a height less than 140 em might reduce adult height, postponement of puberty was studied in short pubertal girls born SGA. Data on overnight LH and FSH profiles during GnRHa treatment

are very limited.

Aims: To evaluate whether 3 months of GnRHa treatment results in sufficient suppression of pubertal LH and FSH profile patterns. To evaluate whether girls show sufficient pubertal suppression according to a consensus-based peak LH cut-off level of 3 IU/1 during a GnRH agonist test.

Participants: PD173074 molecular weight Twenty-one short pubertal girls born SGA.

Intervention: After baseline LH and FSH profiles, children received leuprorelide acetate depots of 3.75 mg subcutaneously, every 4 weeks.

Results: At baseline, amplitude and frequency of LH and FSH pulsatility were

higher in girls with breast stage 3, compared to girls with breast stage 2. After 3 months of GnRHa treatment, all girls showed clinical arrest of puberty and their LH and FSH levels during overnight profiles had significantly decreased to prepubertal levels. In contrast, peak LH during the GnRH agonist test indicated insufficient pubertal suppression in 33% of girls. No differences in LH and FSH profiles were found between girls with a peak LH above or below 3 IU/1.

Conclusion: After 3 months of GnRHa Selleck Stem Cell Compound Library treatment, central puberty was adequately suppressed in all girls, as shown by the prepubertal LH and FSH profiles. The GnRH agonist falsely indicated insufficient pubertal suppression in 33% of these girls.”
“SETTING: A resettlement

medical screening program that refers selleck compound refugees with a positive tuberculin skin test (TST) to a public health tuberculosis (TB) clinic for evaluation for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI).

OBJECTIVE: To identify the proportion of refugees that were TST-positive, how many attended after referral for medical evaluation, what characteristics influenced follow-up, and whether programmatic changes would increase follow-up rates.

DESIGN: Refugee characteristics and follow-up information were extracted from the resettlement medical records of 224 adult refugees screened in Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio, in 2008. Programmatic modifications in the referral system were implemented in December 2010.

RESULTS: Of 224 refugees screened, 115 (51%) had a TST induration >= 5 mm, 113 (98.3%) were referred and 60 (53.1%) attended the Columbus Public Health (CPH) TB clinic for evaluation. Resettling from East Asia (Myanmar, Viet Nam; OR 12.48, 95%CI 2.32-67.06) and TST induration size >= 10 mm (OR 9.38, 95%CI 1.41-62.26) were significantly associated with follow-up at the CPH.

81), PCO2 (67.81 mmHg), PO2 (22.58 mmHg), HCO3- (10.82 mEq/l), BE (-23.48 mEq/l), TCO2 (12.83 mEq/l), sO(2) (17.50%) for blood gas, and for mineral Na, iCa and K were 146.96; 1.14 and 7.49 mmol/l respectively. Finally, the mean value of Htc was 43.522%, Hb 14.80.

Following exercise, and compared with values considered as physiological in cattle, some blood variables in our study were decreased (blood pH, HCO3-, BE, PO2 and sO(2)), some remained in the normal limit (Na, K, iCa, Htc) and the rest are increased (PCO2, Hb, lactate) comparing with when compared to normal reference values for the bovine species. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“In patients with

chronic hepatitis C genotype 1, the current algorithm for treatment discontinuation is based on no early virological response (< 2 log decline in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-RNA) at 12 weeks. It is important to determine whether prediction of Selleckchem Staurosporine nonsustained virological response (NR) before 12 weeks can be robustly obtained by statistical methods. We used longitudinal discriminant analysis (LDA) to build and cross-validate models including baseline patient characteristics

and measurements of serum HCV-RNA in the first 4, 8 or 12 weeks of treatment. The performance of each model was evaluated by the partial AUC (PA) index, exploring the accuracy of prediction in the range of high negative predictive values. Models were compared by computing 95% confidence intervals for the difference in PA indices. NR

was best predicted before week 12 by a single HCV-RNA Proteases inhibitor measurement at week 8 taken together with gender, BMI and age (W8 model, PA index = 0.857). This model was not inferior to models that Selleckchem HKI-272 included a measurement at week 12 (PA index = 0.831). The best model obtained with LDA within the first 4 weeks, which included measurements at days 4, 8 and at week 4, was found to be inferior to the week 8 model (PA index = 0.796). These results indicate that lack of sustained viral response is best predicted after 8 weeks of treatment and that waiting until 12 weeks does not improve the prediction.”
“Leptin is a Ob gene product secreted mainly by adipose tissue. Several reports showed leptin production by other tissue including the ovary. The action of leptin is mediated upon binding to its receptor widely expressed in reproductive tissues in different species. In fact, there are growing evidences that leptin plays an important role in the modulation of reproductive functions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate in the queen, the expression of leptin receptor during the functional ovarian cycle and pregnancy. We found that the ovaries of the queen express leptin receptor in all the examined phases. The highest leptin receptor expression was found in the luteal phase (pseudopregnancy, pregnancy) compared to other phases of the cycle (anestrus, proestrus, estrus).

SDF1-3′A was screened by PCR/RFLP with MspI enzyme. Our results showed a high allelic frequency in Tiriyo tribe (0.24) and Joinville population (0.21), and a frequency of 0.17 and 0.05 in the Salvador population and in the Waiampi tribe, respectively. There was no statistical difference among the allelic frequencies in the studied ethnic groups, except in

the Waiampi. Due to the great genetic diversity among Brazilian population and the lack of studies on SDF1-3′A allele, our study of this allelic frequency in these different Brazilian ethnic groups could be important to identification of biomarker for therapeutic support in progression to AIDS and a molecular marker for analysis of evolutionary relationships among human populations.”
“Aims To assess the efficacy and tolerability of fesoterodine QNZ order 8?mg versus tolterodine extended release (ER) 4?mg in subjects with overactive bladder (OAB) stratified by age (<65, 6574, and =75 years). Methods This was a post hoc analysis of data from two double-blind trials. Subjects reporting =1 urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) episode and =8?micturitions/24?hr at baseline were randomized to fesoterodine (4?mg for 1 week, 8?mg for 11 weeks), tolterodine ER 4?mg, or selleck kinase inhibitor placebo. Subjects completed 3-day bladder diaries, Urgency Perception Scale (UPS), Patient Perception of Bladder Condition

(PPBC), and OAB questionnaire (OAB-q) at baseline and week 12. The primary endpoint in both studies was change this website from baseline to week 12 in

UUI episodes. Results Among subjects <65 years (n?=?2,670), improvements in UUI episodes, micturitions, urgency episodes, severe urgency episodes, frequency-urgency sum, UPS, PPBC, and all OAB-q scales and domains were significantly greater with fesoterodine versus tolterodine ER, and diary-dry rates were significantly higher. Among subjects 6574 years (n?=?990), improvements in mean voided volume per void, PPBC, and OAB-q Symptom Bother and Coping were significantly greater with fesoterodine versus tolterodine ER. Among subjects aged =75 years (n?=?448), improvements in urgency episodes, severe urgency episodes, frequency-urgency sum, UPS, and OAB-q Symptom Bother were significantly greater with fesoterodine versus tolterodine ER. Both active treatments produced significant improvements in most outcomes versus placebo across age groups. Adverse event rates were similar among age groups. Conclusions Fesoterodine 8?mg consistently improved several OAB-related variables versus tolterodine ER 4?mg in subjects aged <65, 6574, and =75 years, with some differences reaching statistical significance, and was generally well tolerated. Neurourol. Urodynam. 31:12581265, 2012. (C) 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Fairly large number of mumps virus infections present atypically without parotitis leading to delay in diagnosis and increased morbidity.

The inheritance of AD exhibits a dichotomous pattern. On one hand, rare mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 virtually guarantee early-onset (<60 years) familial AD, which represents similar to 5% of AD. On the other hand, common gene polymorphisms, such as the 14 and 12 variants of the APOE

gene, can influence susceptibility for similar to 50% of the common late-onset AD. These four genes account for 30%-50% of the inheritability of AD. Genome-wide association studies have recently led to the identification of 11 additional AD selleck chemicals llc candidate genes. This paper reviews the past, present, and future attempts to elucidate the complex and heterogeneous genetic underpinnings of AD.”
“We present two enhancements to existing methods for visualizing vital statistics data. Data from the Human Mortality Database were used and vital statistics from England and Wales are used for illustration. The simpler of these methods involves coplotting mean age of death with its variance, and the more INCB28060 purchase complex of these methods is to present data as a contour plot. The coplot method shows the effect of the 20th century’s

epidemiological transitions. The contour plot method allows more complex and subtle age, period and cohort effects to be seen.

The contour plot shows the effects of broad improvements in public health over the 20th century, including vast reductions in rates of childhood mortality, reduced baseline mortality risks during adulthood and the postponement of higher mortality risks to older ages. They also show the effects of the two world wars and the 1918 influenza pandemic on men of fighting age, women and children. The contour plots also show a cohort effect for people born around 1918, suggesting a possible epigenetic

effect of parental exposure to Silmitasertib order the pandemic which shortened the cohort’s lifespan and which has so far received little attention.

Although this article focuses on data from England and Wales, the associated online appendices contain equivalent visualizations for almost 50 series of data available on the Human Mortality Database. We expect that further analyses of these visualizations will reveal further insights into global public health.”
“Objectives and design: Traumatic thoracic aortic injuries are serious and may be associated with high morbidity and mortality. Endovascular stent grafting is now an established treatment option which often requires proximal landing zone extension through left subclavian artery (LSA) origin coverage. This in turn can lead to downstream ischaemic complications which may be lessened by LSA revascularisation. This study investigates the consequence of LSA coverage and potential benefit of revascularisation.

Materials and methods: Systematic literature review of studies between 1997 and 2010 identified 94 studies incorporating 1704 patients. Chronological trends in LSA management practice for trauma were sought.

Materials and methods: Ren2 rats were randomised to DA or vehicle (VEH) or to DA + angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) or VEH + ACEi. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats served as controls. Blood pressure was measured weekly and 24-h urine was collected to measure proteinuria. Blood samples were collected for creatinine and haematocrit. HDAC inhibitors in clinical trials Kidneys were studied for inflammation and pre-fibrosis. Renal mRNA expression was studied for EPO, EPO-receptor, collagen-3 alpha 1

and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1).

Results: DA had no effect on SBP, serum creatinine and proteinuria. Interstitial and glomerular alpha-SMA expression was significantly increased in Ren2. ACEi but not DA improved the increased renal inflammatory and pro-fibrotic profile in Ren2 rats. DA on top of ACEi further reduced glomerular alpha-SMA and KIM-1 expression.

Conclusion: Long-term DA treatment has no beneficial effects on renal structural and functional changes in TGR(mRen2)27 rats in the time frame studied and the dose

provided.”
“P>Total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) can be defined as a technique, in which general anesthesia is induced and maintained using purely i.v. agents. TIVA has become more popular and possible in recent times because of the pharmacokinetic check details (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of propofol and the availability of short-acting synthetic opioids. Also, new concepts in PK modeling and advances in computer technology have allowed the development of sophisticated delivery

systems, which make control of anesthesia given by the i.v. route as straightforward and user friendly as conventional, inhalational techniques. Monitoring of depth of anesthesia is being validated for these techniques, and in the future, measurements of expired propofol may be possible to guide administration. TIVA is being used increasingly in children.”
“Background and objectivePulmonary emphysema is linked to T cell-mediated autoimmune inflammation, Aurora Kinase inhibitor although the pathogenic role of specific pro-inflammatory cytokines remains unclear. The Th17 type response, characterized by the production of the cytokine interleukin (IL)-17A, is modulated in part by the IL-6/signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat)3 signalling axis and is associated with numerous autoimmune diseases. We therefore evaluated a causal role for IL-17A in the IL-6-driven gp130(F/F) mouse model for spontaneous pulmonary inflammation and emphysema.

MethodsThe expression of Th17-related factors was quantified in the lungs of gp130(F/F) mice and emphysematous patients, and the degree of pulmonary inflammation and emphysema was measured in gp130(F/F):Il17a(-/-) mice by immunohistochemistry, stereology and respiratory mechanics.

“
“Although cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) are densely expressed in neurons expressing dopamine D1 receptors (D1Rs), it is not fully understood to what extent they modulate emotional PRN1371 concentration behaviors. We used conditional CB1R knock-out animals lacking CB1Rs in neurons expressing D1R (D1-CB1(-/-)) in order to answer this question. To elucidate the behavioral effects of CB1R deficiency in this specific neuronal subpopulation, we subjected D1-CB1(-/-) mice to a battery of behavioral tests which included exploration-based

tests, depressive-like behavioral tests, social behavior, and fear-related memory paradigms. D1-CB1(-/-) did not show any difference in the exploration-based paradigms such as open field, elevated plus maze, or novel object investigation test, except for an increase in novelty-induced grooming. By contrast, they showed a mild anhedonia-like state as described by the slightly decreased preference for sweet solution, as compared to wild-type control group. This decrease, however, could be observed only during the first day of exposure, thus suggesting increased neophobia as an alternative explanation. Accordingly, LY2157299 clinical trial mutant mice

performed normally in the forced swim test, a procedure widely used for evaluating behavioral despair in rodents. However, weak-to moderate anxiety-like phenotypes were evident when D1-CB1(-/-) mice were tested for social behavior. Most strikingly, D1-CB1(-/-) mice exhibited significantly increased contextual and auditory-cued fear, with attenuated within session extinction, suggesting that a specific reduction of endocannabinoid signaling in neurons expressing dopamine D1Rs is able to affect acute fear adaptation. These results provided first direct evidence for a cross-talk between dopaminergic D1Rs and endocannabinoid system in terms of controlling negative affect.”
“In this study, the effect of different storage temperatures (25,35 and 45 degrees selleck screening library C) and storage times (0,45 and 90 days) on physicochemical properties (color values,

pH, and brix) and HMF (5-hydroxymethylfurfural) contents of grape, mulberry, black mulberry and carob molasses samples was studied. A two factor-three level composite face center design was performed to model and study effects of these factors on the HMF contents of these samples. As a result, storage temperature and time values were found to remarkably change the physicochemical properties and HMF contents. HMF content of the molasses samples increased with temperature and storage time. The highest HMF levels were generally observed in mulberry and black mulberry molasses. The best fitting second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis with backward elimination regression (BER) procedure to remove insignificant factors and interactions from the models. R-2 values of the established models were higher than 0.844, indicating that models were adequate to predict HMF content. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.