Activation of the reflex results in an increase in efferent sympa

Activation of the reflex results in an increase in efferent sympathetic nerve activity and a withdrawal of parasympathetic nerve activity. These actions result in the precise alterations in cardiovascular hemodynamics requisite to meet the metabolic demands of working skeletal muscle. Coordinated activity by this reflex is altered after the development of cardiovascular disease, generating exaggerated increases in sympathetic nerve activity, blood pressure, heart rate, and vascular resistance. The basic components and operational characteristics

of the reflex, the techniques used in human and animals to study the reflex, and the emerging evidence describing the dysfunction of the reflex Entinostat mouse with the advent of cardiovascular disease are highlighted in this review.”
“Soybean genotypes resistant TPCA-1 purchase to stink bugs are derived from complex breeding processes obtained through indirect selection. The aim of the present work was to estimate genetic parameters for guiding selection strategies towards resistant genotypes, based on those traits associated with responses to pod-attacking

stink bugs, such as the grain filling period (GFP), leaf retention (LR), percentage index of pod damage (PIPD) and percentage of spotted seeds (PSS). We assessed the parental lines IAC-100 (resistant) and FT-Estrela (susceptible), the progenies F(2) and F(4), 30 progenies F(2:3), 30 progenies BC(1)F(2:3) and 30 progenies BC(2)F(2:3), besides the cultivars BRS Celeste and MGBR-46 (Conquista). Three field experiments, using randomized complete block design with three replications, were installed in Goiania-GO, in the 2002/03 season. Each experiment consisted of 36 treatments (6 common and 30 regular). Heritability estimates were:

74.6 and 36.1 (GFP); 51.9 and 19.9 (LR); 49.6 and 49.6 (PIPD) and 55.8 and 20.3 (PSS), in both the broad and narrow senses, respectively. Based on these results, we concluded that the best strategy for obtaining stink bug-resistant genotypes consists of selecting the PIPD trait in early generations (F(3) or F(4)), followed by selection for the GFP, LR and PSS traits in generations with higher endogamy levels.”
“Understanding the origin of pallasites, BTSA1 chemical structure stony-iron meteorites made mainly of olivine crystals and FeNi metal, has been a vexing problem since their discovery. Here, we show that pallasite olivines host minute magnetic inclusions that have favorable magnetic recording properties. Our paleointensity measurements indicate strong paleomagnetic fields, suggesting dynamo action in the pallasite parent body. We use these data and thermal modeling to suggest that some pallasites formed when liquid FeNi from the core of an impactor was injected as dikes into the shallow mantle of a similar to 200-kilometer-radius protoplanet. The protoplanet remained intact for at least several tens of millions of years after the olivine-metal mixing event.

Here, we review insights gained through the application of LiDAR

Here, we review insights gained through the application of LiDAR to animal ecology studies, revealing the fundamental importance of structure

for animals. Structural heterogeneity is most conducive to increased animal richness and abundance, and increased complexity of vertical vegetation structure is more positively influential compared with traditionally measured canopy cover, which produces mixed results. However, different taxonomic groups interact with a variety of 3D canopy traits and some groups with 3D topography. To develop a better understanding of animal dynamics, future studies will benefit from considering 3D habitat effects in a wider P505-15 clinical trial variety of ecosystems and with more taxa.”
“The transparent cornea is the major refractive element of the eye. A finely controlled assembly of the stromal extracellular matrix is critical to corneal function, as well as in establishing the www.selleckchem.com/products/shp099-dihydrochloride.html appropriate mechanical stability required to maintain corneal shape and curvature. In the stroma,

homogeneous, small diameter collagen fibrils, regularly packed with a highly ordered hierarchical organization, are essential for function. This review focuses on corneal stroma assembly and the regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis. Corneal collagen fibrillogenesis involves multiple molecules interacting in sequential steps, as well as interactions between keratocytes and stroma matrix components. The stroma has the highest collagen V:1 ratio in the body. Collagen V regulates the nucleation of protofibril assembly, thus controlling the number of fibrils and assembly of smaller diameter fibrils in the stroma. The corneal

stroma is also enriched in small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) that cooperate in a temporal and spatial manner to regulate linear and lateral collagen fibril growth. In addition, the fibril-associated collagens (FACITs) such as collagen XII and collagen XIV have roles in the WZB117 datasheet regulation of fibril packing and inter-lamellar interactions. A communicating keratocyte network contributes to the overall and long-range regulation of stromal extracellular matrix assembly, by creating micro-domains where the sequential steps in stromal matrix assembly are controlled. Keratocytes control the synthesis of extracellular matrix components, which interact with the keratocytes dynamically to coordinate the regulatory steps into a cohesive process. Mutations or deficiencies in stromal regulatory molecules result in altered interactions and deficiencies in both transparency and refraction, leading to corneal stroma pathobiology such as stromal dystrophies, cornea plana and keratoconus. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Gold nanoparticles were conjugated with transferrin molecules for targeting, imaging and therapy of breast cancer cells (Hs578T, ATCC) Results show that, the transferrin-transferrin receptor-mediated cellular uptake of gold nanoparticles is six times of that in the absence of this interaction.

Induction of division and maturation of multipotent hemopoietic p

Induction of division and maturation of multipotent hemopoietic precursors, granulocyte-erythroid-macrophage-megakaryocyte precursors, and granulocyte precursors and recovery of cellularity of the granulocytic hemopoietic stem after administration of immobilized granulocyte CSF were observed at later terms compared to treatment with the reference preparation of granulocyte CSF.”
“Stipa tenacissima L, which has long been recognised as the typical dominant perennial plant in the North-African arid rangelands is currently

going into extinction in the steppic selleckchem High Plains of Algeria. The vegetation and soil dynamics were analyzed at an initially dense stand. The trend between 1976 and 2006 was investigated using five reference years. Sampling was performed along a grazing gradient including a grazed this website steppe and an exclosure. Between 1976 and 1993, the perennial cover and soil

organic matter decreased outside the exclosure, while the composition of the dominant species remained unchanged. From 1993 to 2006, the plant cover, species composition and soil showed major changes both inside and outside the exclosure and S. tenacissima disappeared completely in 2006. These changes were primarily attributed to overgrazing by sheep. More frequent and intensive droughts exacerbated the grazing intensity in a context of common and uncontrolled land use. The exclosure, implemented as a remedy, temporarily played a positive role regarding vegetation and soil conservation. In addition to severe drought, the vegetation and soil degradation and sand encroachment even inside the exclosure, created conditions that were no longer able to support the pre-existing alfa-grass ecosystem. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) has been used

to treat chronic rejection after lung transplantation LY3023414 (LTx). We investigated the effect of ECP on several immune parameters that have been associated with poor lung function, including donor-specific antibodies (DSA) to human leukocyte antigen (HLA), antibodies against the lung-associated self-antigens (SAg), K alpha 1-tubulin (K alpha 1T), collagen I and V, and circulating levels of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines. METHODS: Sera were collected from post-LTx patients diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans before and 6 months after initiation of ECP. DSA and cytokine levels were measured by Luminex (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Changes in lung function over the 6 months preceding and after the initiation of ECP were measured by retrospective analysis of spirometry performed at routine clinic visits. RESULTS: ECP was associated with a significant decline in DSA levels as well as antibodies to lung-associated SAg. ECP also reduced circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytoldnes and increased levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines.

(C) 2010 Elsevier B V All rights reserved “
“Nestling birds

(C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Nestling birds have been hypothesized to be important hosts for mosquito-borne arboviruses, but the role of nestlings for West Nile virus (WNV) amplification remains unclear. We sampled open-cup and cavity-nesting passerines in Chicago, Illinois, an area of intense

WNV transmission, to determine infection rates in nestlings and mosquitoes, and to test whether mosquitoes are attracted to nesting birds. Analysis of Culex pipiens mosquito populations demonstrated WNV amplification to high mosquito infection rates during both years of the study near the locations where nestlings were sampled. Nevertheless, of 194 nestlings representing 12 species, only one 8-day-old house wren was positive for WNV RNA, and only one 10-day-old mourning dove was seropositive for antibodies to WNV, but PLX4032 at a low titer (1:20). buy LY2835219 The number

of mosquitoes captured in nest box traps and control traps was not significantly different. These combined results suggest that nestling passerines play no evident role in WNV amplification and transmission in the Chicago area.”
“A photodiode based on Fe3O4-graphene/n-Si/Al diode was fabricated. The electrical and capacitance properties of the diode were investigated by transient current and capacitance measurements. Ag/Fe3O4-graphene/n-Si photovoltaic device gives I-sc of 0.111 mA and V-oc of 375 mV under 1.5 A.M. The maximum electrical power P-max value this website of the device was found to be 7.567 mu V. This suggests that the studied

photovoltaic device can be used as a microvoltage generator. The capacitance of the device increases with illumination. This indicates that the device exhibits a photocapacitance behavior. This behavior was analyzed by transient photocapacitance measurements. The transient interface states density plots of the diode were obtained. The photocapacitance mechanism was explained with the change in the interface states. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.”
“Benzoxazine (BOX) functionalized polyurethanes (PU) are introduced to provide a conceptually new thermal curing mechanism for polyurethanes. 3,4-Dihydro-3-methyl-2H-1,3-benzoxazine (P-m) was carefully oligomerized through thermal treatment. In a straightforward synthesis the newly formed hydroxyl groups are used for end-capping reactions with isocyanate-terminated polyurethane prepolymers. The isocyanate reactive hydroxyl content (IRH) of the benzoxazine oligomer was investigated in detail via H-1 NMR spectroscopy, HPLC-MS, indirect potentiometric titration in various solvents, and comparison with model substances and found to be strongly influenced by hydrogen bonding. The corresponding polyurethane/benzoxazine hybrid materials (PU/BOX) can cross-link at elevated temperatures and do not suffer from shelf-life issues or outgassing of blocked isocyanates.

Here we studied the effect of IL-32 on histamine release by human

Here we studied the effect of IL-32 on histamine release by human-derived cord-blood mast cells. In these studies we found that IL-32 significantly stimulates the release of histamine only at high concentrations (100 ng/ml) while at 10 or 50 ng/ml it had no effect. These results were found for the first time and demonstrate that IL-32 may play an important role in allergic and inflammatory diseases.”
“The present study establishes the determinate of likelihood of using

veterinary services in smallholder dairy farming systems in India. Secondary data were used for analysis purpose with the sample size of 29,020 dairy households BIX 01294 inhibitor at the all-India level. The proportional relationship between veterinary services available within the village and use of these services reveals that, distance of availability of veterinary service positively influences the farmer’s decision to use the same. There was a positive relationship between large land holdings, herd size and milk prices with the use of veterinary services. Secondly, the educational status of the head of a household, formal training in agricultural practices and continuation of agriculture as a profession had a positive influence on the use of veterinary services. The public institutions

like the farm science centres and contact with extension workers played major roles in the use of veterinary services Navitoclax mouse by the dairy farmers. The institutions which support veterinary services could become more effective if they undertake suitable organizational changes to disseminate the latest

animal healthcare technologies to the marginalized dairy farmers.”
“Giant-cell tumor of the bone is a benign tumor, but with high local aggressiveness, even with risk of distant metastasis. selleck products From an epidemiological standpoint, giant-cell tumor of the bone accounts for 4-5% of primary bone tumors and similar to 20% of benign bone tumors; commonly affects adults between 20-40 years, slightly more common in females. We present the case of a 57-year-old woman, without significant pathological history, which, after clinical, imagistic and anatomopathological investigations, is diagnosed with giant cell tumor of the right distal radius. The patient underwent surgery and segmental resection of the tumor in oncological limits was performed, replacing the remaining bone defect with fibular autograft. The results were good, according to Mayo functional assessment score. This way, the wrist joint mobility and the carpal cartilage were preserved, providing a barrier against distal migration of any remaining tumoral cells, as well. In conclusion, we can state that in aggressive giant cell tumors located at the distal radius, the best therapeutic option is en bloc resection of the formation (lesion) with fibular autograft replacement of the bone defect.

Mixed model analyses revealed significant changes in lipid metabo

Mixed model analyses revealed significant changes in lipid metabolites in the HealthyDiet group during the intervention compared to the Control group. All changes reflected increased polyunsaturation in plasma fatty acids, especially

in n-3 PUFAs, while n-6 and n-7 fatty acids decreased. According to tertiles of changes in fish intake, a greater increase of fish intake was associated with increased selleck concentration of large HDL particles, larger average diameter of HDL particles, and increased concentrations of large HDL lipid components, even though total levels of HDL cholesterol remained stable. Conclusions: The results suggest that consumption of diet rich in whole grain, bilberries and especially fatty fish causes changes in HDL particles shifting their subclass distribution toward larger particles. These changes may be related to known protective functions of HDL such as reverse cholesterol transport and could selleck chemicals partly explain the known protective effects

of fish consumption against atherosclerosis.”
“Background: Recent efforts demonstrated the potential application of cyanobacteria as a “microbial cell factory” to produce butanol directly from CO2. However, cyanobacteria have very low tolerance to the toxic butanol, which limits the economic viability of this renewable system. Results: Through a long-term experimental evolution process, we achieved a 150% increase of the butanol tolerance in a model cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 after a continuous 94 passages for 395 days in BG11 media amended with gradually learn more increased butanol concentration from 0.2% to 0.5% (v/v). To decipher the molecular mechanism

responsible for the tolerance increase, we employed an integrated GC-MS and LC-MS approach to determine metabolomic profiles of the butanol-tolerant Synechocystis strains isolated from several stages of the evolution, and then applied PCA and WGCNA network analyses to identify the key metabolites and metabolic modules related to the increased tolerance. The results showed that unstable metabolites of 3-phosphoglyceric acid (3PG), D-fructose 6-phosphate (F6P), D-glucose 6-phosphate (G6P), NADPH, phosphoenolpyruvic acid (PEP), D-ribose 5-phosphate (R5P), and stable metabolites of glycerol, L-serine and stearic acid were differentially regulated during the evolution process, which could be related to tolerance increase to butanol in Synechocystis. Conclusions: The study provided the first time-series description of the metabolomic changes related to the gradual increase of butanol tolerance, and revealed a metabolomic basis important for rational tolerance engineering in Synechocystis.”
“Electrostatic interactions often play key roles in the recognition of small molecules by nucleic acids. An example is aminoglycoside antibiotics, which by binding to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) affect bacterial protein synthesis.

05) The Botox group showed a smaller number of fibroblasts and l

05). The Botox group showed a smaller number of fibroblasts and less fibrosis than the control group at the 4th week (P<0.05). The Botox group showed much strong collagen density than the control group at the 8th week (P<0.05). For the immunohistochemical staining, there was a lower transforming

growth factor (TGF)-beta 1 expression in the Botox group than that of the control group at the 4th week (P<0.05).\n\nConclusion. The wounds of the Botox-treated group showed a larger wound size, less infiltration of inflammatory cells and less fibrosis, a much AZD3965 greater amount of collagen and a lower expression of TGF-beta 1 than did the control group. Botox might be used to decrease the fibrosis of a surgical wound without Compound C nmr damaging the epithelial growth in situations for which decreased fibrosis is necessary, such as for treating laryngeal, tracheal and nasal stenosis.”
“Inflammatory process has a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease and insoluble amyloid beta deposits and neurofibrillary tangles provide the obvious stimuli for inflammation. The present study demonstrate the effect of pretreatment of 1,8-cineole (Cin) on inflammation induced by A beta((25-35)) in differentiated PC12 cells. The cells were treated with Cin at different doses for 24 h and then replaced by media containing

A beta((25-35)) for another 24 h. The cell viability was decreased in A beta((25-35)) treated cells which was significantly restored by Cin pretreatment. Cin successfully reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential, ROS and NO levels in A beta((25-35)) treated cells. Cin also lowered the levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta

and IL-6 in A beta((25-35)) treated cells. Moreover, Cin also succeeded in lowering the expression of NOS-2, COX-2 and NF-kappa B. This study suggests the protective effects of Cin on inflammation and provides additional evidence for its potential beneficial use in therapy as an anti-inflammatory agent in neurodegenerative disease.”
“Arm morbidity following unilateral Latissimus Dorsi (LD) flap harvest Syk inhibitor is controversial and bilateral harvest is considered potentially disabling. Arm and shoulder disability was investigated in patients undergoing bilateral mastectomy and immediate LD flap reconstruction. Thirty consecutive bilateral immediate reconstructions with denervated LD flaps, performed between 2005-2009, were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were assessed for arm function by conducting the Disability of Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) test, between 12-51 months after surgery (mean 23 months). Disability scores ranged from 1-100%, with 1-25% being regarded as mild dysfunction, 26-50% as moderate dysfunction, 51-75% as severe dysfunction, and 76-100% as total dysfunction. A statistical analysis was performed using the Fisher exact test and the multivariate linear regression model for variables. The Global Mean Dash score was 14.8%.

The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystems II (PSII) photoche

The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystems II (PSII) photochemistry in dark-adapted leaves (F(v)/F(m)) was higher than 0.82 in all treatments while photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation (A) was higher than 14 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), and stomata! conductance (g,) higher than 0.4 mol m(-2) s(-1) in HL plants, indicating no effects induced by the genetic modification. Chlorophyll content and composition changed

little, whereas transgenic plants had up to 47% higher total carotenoid content than wild type plants. Violaxanthin was the most abundant carotenoid in transgenic plants, with more than 2-fold higher content than the average 0.586 mg g(-1) found in RS plants. Transgenic plants had similar light-induced steady-state NPQ compared to wild type plants, but had slower dark relaxation because of the decreased de-epoxydation state index due to the higher BIBF 1120 cost violaxanthin accumulation, despite the higher zeaxanthin content. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Elemental speciation in cells is significant

for metallomics research. In this study, novel methods of (on-chip) magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were proposed for selenium speciation in selenium-enriched yeast cells. An integrated microfluidic chip consisting of reaction, mixing, and Blebbistatin manufacturer extraction units was designed and fabricated for on-chip MSPE. Sulfonated polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PSS MNPs) were prepared as adsorption material for MSPE of selenoamino acids and selenopeptide. The factors affecting the extraction

performance of the target selenium IGF-1R inhibitor species by (on-chip) MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS were systematically investigated. The analytical performance of the (on-chip) MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS was evaluated under individual optimal conditions. The limits of detection for five target selenium species were 0.025 mu g L-1 to 0.090 mu g L-1 and 0.057 mu g L-1 to 0.149 mu g L-1 for MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS and on-chip MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS, respectively. The MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS method is sensitive, fast, easy-to-operate, and economical. The on-chip MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS method has the unique advantages of low sample consumption and high integration; thus, it is suitable for selenium speciation in a small number (similar to 800) of selenium-enriched yeast cells. A Certified Reference Material of SELM-1 yeast was used to validate the accuracy of the developed (on-chip) MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS methods. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the speciation of selenium in selenium-enriched yeast cells. Analysis of approximately 800 cells by on-chip MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS revealed that the average amounts of selenocystine (SeCys(2)) and selenomethionine (SeMet) in a single selenium-enriched yeast cell are in the order of subpicograms.

We report a case of three dimensional echocardiography and cardia

We report a case of three dimensional echocardiography and cardiac CT defined LV pseudoaneurysm which was closed percutaneously using intracardiac echocardiography NU7441 (ICE) and fluoroscopy guidance. Appropriate planning and guidance proved essential to the procedure with an excellent outcome. Percutaneous closure of LV pseudoaneurysms is safe and feasible in high risk surgical patients and with appropriate imaging modalities may be an alternative to surgical correction. (C) 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.”
“Drug discovery and development is a lengthy and expensive process. Testing new agents in humans at an early stage could reduce the time and costs involved in identifying drugs that are likely to succeed

in clinical studies. New guidance has outlined the concept of exploratory clinical trials, which provide important information

on a drug’s distribution as well as its physiological and pharmacological effects in humans. This strategy reduces the need for preclinical testing by limiting the dose and duration of exposure to a new drug in humans to below those required by the traditional testing of investigational new drugs. Exploratory, first-in-man studies should provide insights into human physiology and pharmacology, identify therapeutic targets relevant to disease and increase our knowledge of a drug’s characteristics. Implementation of a new drug also requires the development of useful biomarkers of disease and of the drug’s efficacy, as well as sensitive molecular imaging techniques. In this DZNeP ic50 Review, we outline the benefits of exploratory clinical trials, especially in academia, CT99021 molecular weight and provide an overview of the experimental tools necessary for rational drug discovery and development.”
“Background. Alcohol is often a factor in illness and injury among college-aged individuals. Ambulance services responding to 9-1-1 calls in college towns regularly encounter patients who have consumed alcohol to the point

of intoxication and subsequently suffered an injury or experienced an illness necessitating prehospital emergency care. Objectives. The first objective was to review ambulance calls in a Midwestern college town in order to identify patterns or trends related to alcohol consumption. Another objective was to determine to what extent, if any, underage drinking was a factor in these calls. A final objective was to determine whether there were types of illness or injuries related to 9-1-1 calls that were involved with alcohol consumption among college-aged students. Methods. This was a retrospective study using secondary data of four years of ambulance calls that occurred in a specific geographic region of a college town. All patient care reports (PCRs) included alcohol consumption as a pertinent factor in the call. Data were de-identified and in some cases aggregated to ensure confidentiality. Descriptive statistics were used to identify prevalence and incidence of injury and illness and patient demographics.

Low limits of detection (0 003-0 04 mu g/g) and quantification (0

Low limits of detection (0.003-0.04 mu g/g) and quantification (0.005-0.05 mu g/g) were readily achieved with this method for all tested pesticides. A Crenigacestat “top down” empirical model was used to estimate the expanded uncertainty at 28% on average (coverage factor k=2, confidence level 95%). The MSPD method was successfully used on real bee samples to analyse four acaricides, 55 fungicides,

16 herbicides and 78 insecticides from various regions of Poland. A total of 33 honeybee samples from suspected pesticide poisoning incidents were analysed, in which 17 different pesticides were determined (14 insecticides and three fungicides). The pesticides most often found in honeybees were cypermethrin (in 51% of the samples, 0.008-0.563 mu g/bee), chlorpyrifos (27%, 0.001-51.5 mu g/bee) and biphentin (21%, 0.002-0.012 mu g/bee). 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“This article examines prostate cancer as a target for immunotherapy and investigates active immunotherapy for prostate cancer, combining conventional CHIR 99021 therapy with active immunotherapy,

immune modulators (brakes and accelerators), and monoclonal antibodies.”
“While it is widely acknowledged that bones adapt to the site-specific prevalent loading environment, reasonable ways to estimate skeletal loads are not necessarily available. For long bone shafts, muscles acting to bend the bone may provide a more appropriate surrogate of the loading than muscles expected to cause compressive loads. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate whether mid-thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) was a better predictor of tibial mid-shaft bone strength than mid-tibia muscle CSA in middle aged and older men. 181 Caucasian men aged 50-79 years (mean +/- SD; 61 +/- 7 years) participated in this study. Mid-femoral and mid-tibial bone traits cortical area, density weighted polar moment of area and muscle CSA [cm(2)] were assessed with computed tomography. Tibial bone traits

were positively associated with both the mid-femur (r=0.44 to 0.46, P<0.001) and the mid-tibia muscle selleck CSA (r=0.35 to 0.37, P<0.001). Multivariate regression analysis, adjusting for age, weight, physical activity and femoral length, indicated that mid-femur muscle CSA predicted tibial mid-shaft bone strength indices better than mid-tibia muscle CSA. In conclusion, the association between a given skeletal site and functionally adjacent muscles may provide a meaningful probe of the site-specific effect of loading on bone.”
“The reactivity of halogenated ethers, especially hydrochloroethers, with hydroxyl radicals and chlorine atoms was studied by correlating the room-temperature rate coefficients with both the C H bond dissociation energies and the vertical ionization potentials of the parent molecules. These molecular properties were estimated at the composite G3B3 level of theory.