The maximum quantum efficiency of photosystems II (PSII) photochemistry in dark-adapted leaves (F(v)/F(m)) was higher than 0.82 in all treatments while photosynthetic CO(2) assimilation (A) was higher than 14 mu mol m(-2) s(-1), and stomata! conductance (g,) higher than 0.4 mol m(-2) s(-1) in HL plants, indicating no effects induced by the genetic modification. Chlorophyll content and composition changed

little, whereas transgenic plants had up to 47% higher total carotenoid content than wild type plants. Violaxanthin was the most abundant carotenoid in transgenic plants, with more than 2-fold higher content than the average 0.586 mg g(-1) found in RS plants. Transgenic plants had similar light-induced steady-state NPQ compared to wild type plants, but had slower dark relaxation because of the decreased de-epoxydation state index due to the higher BIBF 1120 cost violaxanthin accumulation, despite the higher zeaxanthin content. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Elemental speciation in cells is significant

for metallomics research. In this study, novel methods of (on-chip) magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) combined with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were proposed for selenium speciation in selenium-enriched yeast cells. An integrated microfluidic chip consisting of reaction, mixing, and Blebbistatin manufacturer extraction units was designed and fabricated for on-chip MSPE. Sulfonated polystyrene-coated magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@PSS MNPs) were prepared as adsorption material for MSPE of selenoamino acids and selenopeptide. The factors affecting the extraction

performance of the target selenium IGF-1R inhibitor species by (on-chip) MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS were systematically investigated. The analytical performance of the (on-chip) MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS was evaluated under individual optimal conditions. The limits of detection for five target selenium species were 0.025 mu g L-1 to 0.090 mu g L-1 and 0.057 mu g L-1 to 0.149 mu g L-1 for MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS and on-chip MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS, respectively. The MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS method is sensitive, fast, easy-to-operate, and economical. The on-chip MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS method has the unique advantages of low sample consumption and high integration; thus, it is suitable for selenium speciation in a small number (similar to 800) of selenium-enriched yeast cells. A Certified Reference Material of SELM-1 yeast was used to validate the accuracy of the developed (on-chip) MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS methods. The proposed methods were successfully applied to the speciation of selenium in selenium-enriched yeast cells. Analysis of approximately 800 cells by on-chip MSPE-HPLC-ICP-MS revealed that the average amounts of selenocystine (SeCys(2)) and selenomethionine (SeMet) in a single selenium-enriched yeast cell are in the order of subpicograms.