carotovora. Based on minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values, the oils were more effective against E. carotovora var. carotovora than A. tumefaciens. The oil of T. occidentalis revealed the highest antibacterial activity LDK378 manufacturer among the tested oils showing the lowest MIC values of 400 and 350 mg/L, on A. tumefaciens and E. carotovora var. carotovora, respectively. In mycelial growth inhibition assay, most of the essential oils showed pronounced effect and the oil of A. monosperma was the most potent inhibitor with EC50 = 54, 111, 106 and 148 mg/L against A.
alternata, B. cinerea, F. oxysporum and F. solani, respectively. On the other hand, the oils caused strong reduction in spore germination of fungi compared with control. The oils of A. judaica and A. monosperma AC220 caused the highest spore germination inhibition of F. oxysporum and their
EC50 values were 69 and 62 mg/L, respectively. Among the tested fungi, F. oxysporum was the most susceptible fungus to all of the tested oil except the oil of S. molle. The relationship between the antimicrobial activity and the chemical composition of the isolated oils was disclosed. The findings of the present study suggest that the isolated oils have a potential to be used as antimicrobial agents. (C) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Selected contemporary aspects of the inextricable link between phytochemistry and traditional medicine are discussed. New technologies, including plant barcoding and principal component analysis, are being deployed in the development of strategies to provide an evidence base for the quality, safety and efficacy of traditional medicines, as a route to improved health care. The role of phytochemistry in underpinning this evolving evidence base is explored. (C) 2011 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“Contents The culture of ovarian follicles is an important tool for understanding the mechanisms controlling follicle development and differentiation of the oocyte. The benefit of recovering
meiotically and developmentally competent oocytes from early stage follicles (primordial, primary, pre-antral and early antral) also would be significant, ranging from rescue of genomes from endangered species to preserving fertility Flavopiridol supplier in women facing cancer treatments. This research field is at an early stage of scientific discovery. To-date, live offspring from cultured primordial follicles that produced fertilizable oocytes has occurred only in the mouse. Progress in other more complex species has been limited because larger animals have longer durations of natural folliculogenesis, thereby requiring more culture time to generate fully grown follicles and oocytes. We believe the dog and cat are excellent models for understanding more about folliculogenesis in vitro. This review highlights what is known about this topic for these two species as well as future priorities.