OBJECTIVES: To study the basic characteristics and treatment outc

OBJECTIVES: To study the basic characteristics and treatment outcomes of tuberculosis (TB) patients classified as ‘retreatment others’ and compare their treatment outcomes with smear-positive retreatment TB cases (relapse, failure, and treatment after default [TAD]).

DESIGN: Retrospective

record and report review of a patient cohort (n = 1237) registered as ‘retreatment others’ under the RNTCP from July to September 2008.

RESULTS: Of 1.009 patient records of ‘retreatment others’ reviewed, 674 (67%) were males, 892 (88%) were aged 15-64 years, 847 (84%) were pulmonary sputum smear-negative, 843 (84%) had unknown human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status and 55 (5.5%) were HIV-positive. All patients were treated with the RNTCP intermittent (thrice weekly) retreatment regimen. Eighty per cent were successfully treated (cured plus treatment completed). Successful outcomes were higher in females (84%), in patients with extra-pulmonary MI-503 solubility dmso TB (87%) and in HIV-negative patients (87%). The treatment outcomes were significantly better for

‘retreatment others’ (P < 0.05) than among the sputum smear-positive retreatment cases (78% for relapses, 59% for failures and 73% for TAD).

CONCLUSIONS: ‘Retreatment others’ were predominantly sputum smear-negative TB, with significantly better treatment outcomes than among smear-positive retreatment patients. Future studies may assess the accuracy of the diagnoses Galunisertib ic50 and factors contributing to the occurrence of ‘retreatment others’.”
“A new compound, benzyl alcohol beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1 -> 6)-beta-D-(4-O-caffeoyl)glucopyranoside (1), was isolated from the seed of sunflower A-1210477 chemical structure (Helianthus annuus), together with eight known phenolic compounds: caffeic acid (2), methyl caffeoate (3), chlorogenic acid (4), 4-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5), 3-O-caffeoylquinic acid (6), methyl chlorogenate (7), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (8), and eriodictyol 5-O-beta-D-glucoside (9). Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic

methods and chemical evidence. The antioxidative effect of the phenolic constituents from the sunflower seeds was also evaluated based on the oxygen-radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and the fraction containing caffeic acid derivatives showed a high antioxidant potency. (C) 2013 Phytochemical Society of Europe. Published by Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.”
“SETTING: National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, Kuwait.

OBJECTIVE: To compare Genotype MTBDRplus (gMTBDR(+)), INNO-LiPA Rif.TB (INNO-LiPA), polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing for detecting rifampicin (RMP) and/or isoniazid (INH) resistance-associated mutations in the rpoB hot-spot region (HSRrpoB), the katG codon 315 (katG315) and the inhA regulatory region (inhA-RR) among multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR-TB) isolates.

DESIGN: A total of 82 MDR-TB and 43 pansusceptible M.

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