The incidence of VAE has been reported to be as high as 82.6% during open craniectomy for craniosynostosis repair. On the other hand, two separate studies reported a much lower incidence of VAE (8% and 2%) during endoscopic strip craniectomy. As surgical advancements progress, minimally invasive neurosurgical procedures are increasing in the pediatric population with reported benefits of decreased blood loss and need for transfusion, shorter hospital stay, decreased cost, lower morbidity, and mortality. In addition, there is a heightened emphasis on achieving hemostasis, which has led to the use of products such as antifibrinolytics

and fibrin sealants. We present a case where a VAE causing significant hemodynamic instability (grade III) ensued immediately following aerosolized fibrin sealant application. Exploration of the potential source of VAE pointed to the high pressure and close proximity (between spray device and check details tissue) during application of the sealant, likely forcing air into the vascular system.”
“This study describes the synthesis of amphiphilic ABC-triblock copolymers comprising a central pseudopoly(4-hydroxy-L-proline) segment and terminal hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol)methyl ether as well as hydrophobic poly-(epsilon-caprolactone) blocks. Differential scanning calorimetry, H-NMR spectroscopy, and gel permeation chromatography are used to characterize the copolymers.

The thermal properties (T(g) and T(m)s) of the triblock copolymers depend on the composition of polymers. Larger amounts of epsilon-CL incorporated into the macromolecular backbone increased T(g) and T(m)s. Fluorescence spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic selleck chemicals light scattering are utilized to investigate their micellar characteristics in the aqueous phase. Observations showed a higher selleck critical micelle concentration with higher hydrophilic components in the copolymers. The micelle exhibited a core-shell-corona

and/or vesicle shape, and the average size was less than 300 nm. Drug entrapment efficiency and drug loading of micelles depending on the composition of block polymers are also described. (C) 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 115: 2556-2564, 2010″
“A demonstration of the principles of quantum key distribution (QKD) is performed using a single-photon source in a proof of concept test-bed over a distance of 2 km in standard telecommunications optical fiber. The single-photon source was an optically-pumped quantum dot in a microcavity emitting at a wavelength of 895 nm. Characterization of the QKD parameters was performed at a range of different optical excitation powers. An investigation of the effect of varying the optical excitation power of the quantum dot microcavity on the quantum bit error rate and cryptographic key exchange rate of the system are presented. c 2010 American Institute of Physics. [doi: 10.1063/1.3327427]“
“Prematurity is a risk factor for severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.