The complete document and references can also be found at www.ccs.ca or www.cachnet.org.”
“Hyperglycemia results in the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE), resulting in an inflammatory response that induces insulin resistance. Evidence indicates that antioxidants can suppress the formation of reactive oxygen species, decrease levels of AGEs by inhibiting

glycation. Black nightshade (Solanum nigrum) can be used as a medicinal food for improving blood glucose; however, the identities of the active compounds and how they counteract diabetes remain unknown. This study demonstrate that 95% ethanolic extracts of black nightshade exerted significant antioxidative activity compared Caspase-3 Inhibitor with 50% ethanolic extracts and aqueous extracts. Moreover, 95% ethanolic extracts of black nightshade produced antiglycative activity, which contributed to the inhibition of fructosamine and generation of alpha-dicarbonyl compounds. The concentrations of solasonine and solamargine in the 95% ethanolic

extracts were 0.484 and 0.183 mg/mg, respectively. These results suggest that black nightshade might serve as a novel source of functional ingredients Epigenetics inhibitor that exert antiglycation and anti-diabetes activities.”
“PURPOSE: To test the biomechanical efficiency of corneal crosslinking with riboflavin without epithelial debridement (C3-R).

SETTING: Moscow Helmholtz Research Institute of Eye Diseases, Moscow, Russia.

METHODS: The left eyes of rabbits were crosslinked using standard crosslinking including epithelial removal (Group 1), using benzalkonium chloride-containing proxymetacaine eyedrops without epithelial

removal (Group 2), or using preservative-free oxybuprocaine eyedrops without epithelial removal (Group 3). All left eyes received riboflavin solution and were irradiated with an ultraviolet-A double diode for 30 minutes (irradiance 3 mW/cm(2)). The animals were killed 1 day after crosslinking. Biomechanical and histological analyses were performed.

RESULTS: Fourteen eyes were evaluated. HM781-36B There was a statistically significant increase in Young’s modulus in Group 1 (102.45%) and in Group 2 (21.30%). In Group 3, no biomechanical changes were measured. Histology showed complete cell loss of keratocytes and endothelium in Group 1 and inhomogeneous keratocyte loss down to 200.0 mu m in Group 2. No changes were observed in Group 3.

CONCLUSIONS: Corneal crosslinking without epithelial debridement reduced the biomechanical effect by approximately one fifth compared with standard crosslinking, probably because of restricted and inhomogeneous stromal distribution of riboflavin. The cytotoxic damage was restricted to 200.