Iron citrate species have been previously determined in sera by NMR 32 and we have recently shown that relatively low molecular mass types of NTBI can be selectively blocked from thalassemic serum 6. The most plasma concentration of NTBI is usually only 10uM 3, 4 and that of citrate about 100uM 38. At these molar ratios of 1:10 monomers and dimers of iron citrate predominate with some oligomers also present 6, 7 and we expected that the quick phase of chelation available to DFO was taken from chelation of citrate monomers and dimers, some loosely hdac1 inhibitor bound to plasma proteins, and that the slower 2nd phase might result from the slower chelation of oligomeric or polymeric kinds of iron citrate, or from as yet unidentified protein bound species. We consequently also initiated studies of chelation kinetics using identified iron solutions containing citrate with or without physiological concentrations of the commonplace plasma protein, albumin. An additional advantage of such an approach was the fast phase of chelation could possibly be examined using Skin infection stopped flow, this system not being practical in plasma due to high background absorbance and tendency for serum proteins to precipitate. The studies in iron citrate alternatives present similarities to those obtained in serum from iron inundated thalassemic individuals, but also some differences. As with thalassemic sera, chelation by DFO is biphasic and improved by the presence of DFP. This enhancement also results in development of as the end-product FO in the place of metal bound to DFP, in keeping with speciation piece forecasts. Stopped flow analysis during the first 50 seconds of response shows that the rate but not the size of the initial fast phase is enhanced in the presence of DFP. With respect to the slow phase in iron citrate answers, Canagliflozin concentration both the rate and size of FO development is enhanced by the presence of DFP, as with chelation in the sera. We understand the upsurge in chelation rate of the slower phase to DFP accessing metal species which can be relatively inaccessible to DFO and shuttling them onto the DFO to make the more thermodynamically stable FO complex. This interpretation can be done since the HPLC system absolutely registers FO and not other metal complexes including that of DFP under our experimental conditions. Further evidence for shuttling during the slower stage of the reaction is provided by serially scanning the reaction mixture over wavelengths from 350 to 650 nm: the presence of the DFP iron complex spectrum is later changed by the spectrum of FO. Since fairly low concentrations of DFP caused substantial rate enhancement, in line with DFP regularly cycling or shuttling metal onto a DFO sink, this conclusion is also supported by the concentration dependence of rate enhancement by DFP. Unlike thalassemic serum however, the slow phase of chelation by DFO remains beyond 8h.