In this work we studied the effect of medium composition on cold adaptation of membrane fluidity. Bacillus subtilis was cultivated at optimum (40 degrees C) and low (20 degrees C) temperatures in complex CP-456773 in vitro medium with glucose or in mineral medium with either glucose or glycerol. Cold adaptation was characterized by fatty acid analysis and by measuring the midpoint of phospholipid phase transition T-m (differential scanning calorimetry) and membrane fluidity (DPH fluorescence polarization). Cells cultured and measured at 40

degrees C displayed the same membrane fluidity in all three media despite a markedly different fatty acid composition. The T-m was surprisingly the highest in the case of a culture grown in complex medium. On the contrary, cultivation at 20 degrees C in the complex medium gave rise to the highest membrane fluidity with concomitant decrease of T-m by 10.5 degrees C. In mineral media at 20 degrees C the corresponding changes of T-m were almost negligible. After a temperature shift from 40 to 20 degrees C, the cultures from all three media displayed the same adaptive induction of fatty acid desaturase despite their different membrane fluidity values immediately PRIMA-1MET in vitro after cold shock. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.”
“Dielectric barrier discharge plasma was used to generate a stable strain of Klebsiella

pneumoniae (designated to as Kp-M2) with improved 1,3-propanediol Trichostatin A order production. The specific activities of glycerol dehydrogenase, glycerol dehydatase and 1,3-propanediol oxidoreductase in the crude cell extract increased from 0.11, 9.2 and 0.15 U mg(-1), respectively, for wild type to

0.67, 14.4 and 1.6 U mg(-1) for Kp-M2. The glycerol flux of Kp-M2 was redistributed with the flux to the reductive pathway being increased by 20% in batch fermentation. The final 1,3-propanediol concentrations achieved by Kp-M2 in batch and fed-batch fermentations were 19.9 and 76.7 g l(-1), respectively, which were higher than those of wild type (16.2 and 49.2 g l(-1)). The results suggested that dielectric barrier discharge plasma could be used as an effective approach to improve 1,3-propanediol production in K. pneumoniae.”
“Background On average, cognition declines as people age, but improvement can also occur.\n\nObjective To evaluate the dynamics of age-related changes in brain structure and cognitive function in patients with mild Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and in healthy control (HC) older adults.\n\nMethods High-resolution 3-Tesla MRI and clinical data were obtained from the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in 187 subjects (a cohort aged 55-91 years; AD-43, MCI-84, HC-60). At 24 months, 151 people had clinical and 128 had MRI follow-up. Brain structure was assessed using the Medial Temporal Atrophy Scale (MTAS) and the Brain Atrophy and Lesion Index (BALI).