Hence we report

http://www.selleckchem.com/products/chir-99021-ct99021-hcl.html incidence from 1995 onward with 1991–1994 as a 36-month look-back period. All rates were age and sex standardised using the 1991 Ontario population as the standard population. To compare incidence and prevalence rates, the goodness of fit χ2 test was used and unless otherwise specified all tests were performed with 1° of freedom. All analyses were performed at the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences using SAS V.9.3 (SAS Institute, Cary, North Carolina, USA). Results Prevalence of AS In 1995, 8.7 million Ontarians were aged 15 years or older. This number reached 11 million by the year 2010. The number of patients with AS more than tripled over the study period, from 6930 in 1995 to 24 976 in 2010, approximately 55% men. Data on prevalence rates stratified by age and gender are shown in table 1. The overall standardised prevalence increased nearly threefold

over the study period, from 79/100 000 in 1995 to 213/100 000 in 2010 (figure 1). Table 1 Prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) by age group and sex Figure 1 Trends in prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Ontario. Standardised prevalence of AS (per 100 000 population), adjusted for age, sex and geographic location. The graph shows the yearly trend in overall and sex-specific prevalence of AS … Incidence of AS The annual incidence of AS remained relatively stable over the 15-year study period (figure 2). From 1995 to 2010 the standardised incidence rates varied between 14 and 16 per 100 000 population. In 2010, the standardised incidence was 15/100 000 population. Figure 2 Trends in incidence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in Ontario. Standardised incidence rates of AS from 1995 to 2010 in Ontario with trends in males and females. Incidence rates were adjusted for age, sex and geographic location. The table below shows … Sex differences in epidemiological trends of AS The prevalence increased by approximately twofold among men (from 101/100 000 in 1995 to 238/100 000 in 2010) and over threefold among women (from 59/100 000 in 1995 to 190/100 000 in 2010). Although men had greater prevalence of AS throughout the study, the male/female

ratio decreased significantly over time from 1.70 in 1995 to 1.40 by 2000 (χ2: 91.01; Carfilzomib p<0.0001), 1.30 by 2005 (χ2: 300.65; p<0.0001) and 1.21 by 2010 (χ2: 609.02; p<0.0001). There were 4315 male patients with AS in 1995, which increased to 13 660 by 2010. The number of female patients with AS increased from 2615 in 1995 to 11 316 by 2010. The male:female ratio of prevalent AS cases decreased in all age groups with time (figure 3A). The decline in the male/female prevalence ratio was most pronounced in patients with AS above 65 years of age with ratio decreasing from 2.1 in 1995 to 1.3 in 2010 (figure 3A). There were 2679 male patients with AS and 2649 female patients with AS above the age of 65 in 2010. Figure 3 Sex bias in the incidence and prevalence of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).