Graph of % of drug release versus time was plotted as follows. In initial 5 h 20% of drug release

has occurred. In initial 1 h 10% drug release was obtained. Once addition of pancreatin was done, drug release increased slightly. After 5 h 20% of drug release was occurred. But once addition of rat cecal content is carried out drug release increased rapidly. In next 2 h 97% of drug was released. Results were shown in Fig. 1. This indicates that after crosslinking of chitosan, it retains its specific biodegradability by colonic micro-organisms.19 Scanning electron microscopy was carried out to find out morphology of microparticles. Results this website of SEM are as shown in Fig. 2. SEM images indicate morphology of microparticles which was smooth in appearance and spherical in shape JQ1 solubility dmso and having size less than 5 μm. Small size may be contributed to the microparticles due to apparatuses size of atomizer high atomization pressure during spray drying. Surface of the microparticles is smooth

without any grooves which indicate that coating has occurred uniformly. DSC of the microparticles was carried out to check possible interaction in between drug and polymer. DSC graph showed endothermic peak near 160 °C which is indication of presence of drug. In DSC graph of pure budesonide endothermic peak was also observed at 160 °C as shown in Fig. 4. FTIR spectra of microparticles was recorded by using Bruker alpha. Microparticles showed the presence of particular groups which are present in FTIR spectra of budesonide as shown in Fig. 3. Particle size analysis was performed on Malvern Mastersizer.

Maximum particle size was found be distributed in the range of 2–5 μm. Results were shown in Fig. 5. Less particle size is obtained which may be contributed to the method of microsphere preparation which is spray drying. Other methods such as solvent evaporation, emulsion method generates particles of higher size. All authors have none to declare. “
“Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading causes of death due to the single infectious organism in the world. Approximately two billion PD184352 (CI-1040) people have been infected with causative organism Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) Every 20 s someone dies of TB. 1 The increase of TB during recent years was largely due to HIV-1 infection immigration increased trade and globalization. 2 and 3 Furthermore numerous studies have shown that TB is a cofactor in the progression of HIV infection. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) remains a major health problem affecting one third of the world population and prevailing as the leading infectious cause of death. About 32% of the world’s population (1.9 billions people) is affected with TB. 4 and 5 The current global AIDS epidemic has increased the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in both the developing and developed world. So there is urgency for prompt diagnosis of MTB infection causing TB.