First, the Linsitinib mouse Patients were asked

to perform the movement, “as quickly as possible.” In this instruction there was no reference to the amplitude. Patients were then asked to perform the movement “as quickly as possible, but now with the widest, possible amplitude.” Thus, the patient’s attention was drawn to the production of a maximal amplitude. The background for this experiment is that in patients with Parkinson’s disease the use of such an attentional strategy leads to a normalization of the disturbed movement Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical parameters. The analysis of the enhancing effect, of an attentional strategy on diadochokinesia showed that Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical patients in all groups were able to increase the amplitude, if they were instructed to do so. Yet, the degree to which the amplitude was increased was much smaller in the two patient groups under antipsychotic treatment, compared

with both the drug-naïve patients and the controls. This result reveals a different, enhancing effect, under neuroleptic treatment, but does not confirm the hypothesis that an attentional strategy can normalize disturbed motor performance in schizophrenic patients, as has been derived from the observations in PD patients. Discussion of the results and underlying pathophysiological mechanisms Summarizing the results Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical of these studies on motor disturbances in schizophrenic patients, we can state that: Motor disturbances severely impair the patient’s wellbeing, and the degree of impairment is represented much more closely by objectively measured parameters than Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical by expert ratings of motor performance. Drug-naive patients suffer from a primary motor deficit with predominantly Inhibitors,research,lifescience,medical disturbed spatial parameters: gait velocity is reduced by a decrease in stride length, whereas cadence (frequency) is normal, diadochokinetic amplitude is decreased, and peak velocity and regularity are hampered, whilst frequency again is not influenced. Conventional antipsychotic treatment regularly worsens these specific

primary deficits, whereas the effects of atypical unless antipsychotic treatment, are less pronounced. Disturbed motor performance can be normalized by external sensory stimuli, but-in contrast to PD patients-only when no major attentional processes are required. Disturbed motor performance can be enhanced by an attentional strategy, but-again in contrast to PD paticnts-not to the extent that motor parameters are normalized. The enhancement of movement amplitudes is much less pronounced in patients receiving antipsychotic medication. The pathophysiological mechanism underlying the decrease in movement, amplitude has not yet been elucidated, either in PD or in schizophrenia.