First of all, herein we show for the first time the expression of this small GTPase in oligodendroglial cells. In spite of the fact that several Rab GTPases have been involved in the morphogenesis of herpesviruses, no data about the role of Rab27a in HSV-1 infection has been reported to date. Microscopy studies demonstrated partial colocalization of Rab27a with viral glycoproteins in the TGN. Moreover, viral titer of Rab27a-silenced infected cells showed a significant decrease compared with control cells. In addition, functional analysis confirmed a significant decrease of GFP-expressing cells

24 hour after infection of Rab27a-silenced cells with a GFP-tagged HSV-1. Reduction of the size and number of viral plaques in Rab27a-depleted infected cells, points to an effect of

this protein in the process of viral egress. On the other hand, colocalization between viral Luminespib in vitro glycoproteins and Rab27a takes place in the TGN or in TGN-derived vesicles, and given that Rab27a depletion also induced a reduction in the viral production, we suggest that Rab27a might be required in viral morphogenesis and egress. Methods Antibodies Acadesine and reagents Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary anti-IgG antibodies were from Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Anti-LAMP1 mouse monoclonal antibody H4A3 was from DSHB (Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, University of Iowa, USA). Anti-Rab27a rabbit polyclonal antibody [50] was kindly provided by Dr P. van der Sluijs, (University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands). Sheep anti-TGN-46 polyclonal antibody was from Serotec. Anti-GFP rabbit polyclonal serum A6455, Alexa 488-, Alexa 647- and Alexa 594-conjugated secondary antibodies were obtained from Molecular Probes (Eugene, OR, USA). Low-glucose DMEM, fetal bovine serum (FBS), o-nitrophenyl-β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG), carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) medium-viscosity Galeterone and protease inhibitor cocktail were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Mowiol was from Calbiochem (Merck Chemicals, Germany). Jet-PEI was from Polyplus-transfection (Illkirch, France).

Cell lines and virus The human HOG cell line, established from a surgically removed human oligodendroglioma [30] was kindly provided by Dr. A. T. Campagnoni (University of California, UCLA, USA). Cells were cultured on Petri dishes in GM containing low-glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin (50 U/mL) and streptomycin (50 μg/mL) at 37°C in an atmosphere of 5% CO2. To SU5416 clinical trial induce differentiation, cells were cultured in serum-free DM containing low-glucose DMEM supplemented with additives [35]. The Epstein Barr virus-transformed, human lymphoblastoid cell line HOM-2 was generously provided by Dr. M. Izquierdo (Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols”, Madrid, Spain). MeWo cells were a kind gift of Dr. L. Montoliu (CNB, Madrid, Spain).