Consistently, the inhibition pattern of aspartate transport and its stimulation by phorbol esters are indicative

of a transport process due to EAAC1 operation. Under the conditions adopted, ATRA treatment causes the induction of proteolipid protein, an oligo-dendrocytic marker. These results indicate that, in C6 cells, ATRA stimulates the expression of EAAC1, possibly as a step toward oligodendrocytic differentiation, and constitute the first demonstration of the induction of this transporter by a differentiating agent. (c) 2008 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of IBRO.”
“Microbial metabolites are of huge biotechnological potential and their production can be coupled with detoxification of environmental pollutants and SNX-5422 wastewater treatment mediated by the versatile microorganisms. The consortia of cyanobacteria/microalgae and bacteria can be efficient in detoxification

of organic and inorganic pollutants, and removal of nutrients from wastewaters, compared to the individual microorganisms. Cyanobacterial/algal photosynthesis provides oxygen, a key electron acceptor to the pollutant-degrading heterotrophic bacteria. In turn, bacteria support photoautotrophic growth of the partners by providing carbon dioxide and other stimulatory means. Competition for resources and cooperation for pollutant abatement between these two guilds of microorganisms DZNeP Epigenetics inhibitor will determine the success of consortium engineering while harnessing the biotechnological potential of the partners. Relative to the introduction of gene(s) in a single organism wherein the genes depend on the regulatory- and metabolic network selleck kinase inhibitor for proper expression, microbial consortium engineering is easier and achievable. The currently available biotechnological

tools such as metabolic profiling and functional genomics can aid in the consortium engineering. The present review examines the current status of research on the consortia, and emphasizes the construction of consortia with desired partners to serve a dual mission of pollutant removal and commercial production of microbial metabolites. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.”
“Human rabies has re-emerged in Latin America due to bat associated transmission. We present data related to attacks by hematophagous bats in three riverine communities in the Rio Negro basin, Brazilian Amazon. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to obtain demographic and epidemiological data through interviews with 201 inhabitants. A total of 721 bat attacks with bites took place from 2004 to 2006, 238 (33%) reported by residents in Campinas do Rio Preto, 329 (46%) in Aguas Vivas and 154 (21%) in the community of Malalaha.