Appl Surf Sci 2013, 267:81–85.CrossRef 17. Fauquet C, Dehlinger M, Jandard F, Ferrero S, Pailharey D, Larcheri S, Graziola R, Purans J, Bjeoumikhov A, Erko A, Zizak I, Dahmani B, Tonneau D: Combining scanning probe microscopy

and X-ray spectroscopy. Nanoscale Res Lett 2011, 6:308.CrossRef 18. de Chateaubourg SP: La spectrométrie PF-02341066 supplier de fluorescence X et l’analyse quantitative de couches minces à l’aide d’échantillons massifs. 1995. [Application au dosage des aérosols atmosphériques] PhD Thesis, Université Paris VII-Paris Diderot PhD Thesis, Université Paris VII-Paris Diderot 19. Henke BL, Gullikson EM, Davis JC: X-ray interactions: photoabsorption, scattering, transmission and reflection at E = 50–30000 eV, Z = 1–92. Atom Data Nucl Data Tables 1993,54(2):181–342.CrossRef 20. Hemberg O, Otendal M, Hertz HM: Liquid-metal-jet

anode electron-impact X-ray source. Appl Phys Lett 2003,83(7):1483.CrossRef 21. Bjeoumikhov A, Bjeoumikhova S, Wedell R: Capillary optics in X-ray Analytics. Part Part Syst Char 2006, 22:384–390.CrossRef 22. Bjeoumikhov A, Langhoff N, Bjeoumikhova S, Wedell R: Capillary optics for micro x-ray fluorescence analysis. Rev Sci Instrum 2005, 76:063115–1-063115–7.CrossRef 23. Tonneau D, Fauquet C, Jandard F, Purans J, Bjeoumikhov A, Erko A: Device for selleck compound topographical characterisation and chemical mapping see more of surfaces. 2011. European Patent PCT/IB2011/052423 Competing however interests Patent concerning the detection of XRF through capillary optics is pending (European patent # PCT/IB2011/052423, 2011). The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Authors’

contributions MD and OA carried out the experiments. SL and FJ were involved in instrument design, fabrication and calibration. MD, VA and DT carried out the simulations. CF, AB and DT participated in data interpretation and discussion. DT coordinated this study. MD, CF and DT drafted the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”
“Background Quantum dot solar cells have attracted much attention because of their potential to increase conversion efficiency [1]. Specifically, the optical absorption edge of a semiconductor nanocrystal is often shifted due to quantum size effects. The optical band gap can then be tuned to an effective energy region for absorbing the maximum intensity of the solar radiation spectrum. Furthermore, quantum dots produce multiple electron–hole pairs per photon through impact ionization, whereas bulk semiconductor produces one electron–hole pair per photon. A wide-gap semiconductor sensitized by semiconductor nanocrystals is a candidate material for such use. Wide-gap materials such as TiO2 and ZnO can only absorb the ultraviolet (UV) part of the solar radiation spectrum. The semiconductor nanocrystal supports the absorption of visible (vis) and near-infrared (NIR) light.