A total of 11 patients with CHC genotype-1 received Rosuvastatin at 20 mg qd (weeks 0-4), 40 mg qd (weeks 5-12), with selleck chemicals 4 week follow up. Lipid fractions were separated by a sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation, HCV RNA determined at wks 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 16 in serum, and in selected very low- (VLDF) to high-density (HDF) lipid fractions. A reduction in LDL and total cholesterol (TC) was not accompanied

by significant decline in HCV RNA. At baseline, there was an inverse correlation between HDL and HCV RNA (rho = -0.45, P = 0.036). At 20 mg, there was correlation between change (Delta) in TG and Delta HCV RNA (rho = 0.75, P = 0.007), Delta ALT and Delta TC (rho = -0.64, P = 0.03) and Delta LDL (rho = -0.67, P = 0.02). At 40 mg, Delta TG maintained a positive correlation with Delta HCV RNA (rho = 0.65, P = 0.03). There was a group difference for HCV RNA in relation to lipid fractions (P = 0.04) but not study time intervals (P = 0.17); mean log HCV RNA was greater in VLDF compared to HDF (5.81 +/- 0.59 vs 5.06 +/- 0.67, P = 0.0002) with no other differences to study time intervals (P = 0.099). Short-term Rosuvastatin monotherapy is not associated with significant changes in serum or lipid fraction HCV RNA in NR patients. HCV co-localizes with the lowest density lipid fractions in serum.”
“Cerebellar Purkinje cells display complex intrinsic dynamics. They fire spontaneously, exhibit

bistability, and via mutual network interactions are involved in the generation of high frequency oscillations and travelling waves of activity. To probe the dynamical PF-03491390 properties of Purkinje cells we measured their phase response curves (PRCs). PRCs quantify the change

in spike phase caused by a stimulus as a function of its temporal position within the interspike interval, GDC-0941 order and are widely used to predict neuronal responses to more complex stimulus patterns. Significant variability in the interspike interval during spontaneous firing can lead to PRCs with a low signal-to-noise ratio, requiring averaging over thousands of trials. We show using electrophysiological experiments and simulations that the PRC calculated in the traditional way by sampling the interspike interval with brief current pulses is biased. We introduce a corrected approach for calculating PRCs which eliminates this bias. Using our new approach, we show that Purkinje cell PRCs change qualitatively depending on the firing frequency of the cell. At high firing rates, Purkinje cells exhibit single-peaked, or monophasic PRCs. Surprisingly, at low firing rates, Purkinje cell PRCs are largely independent of phase, resembling PRCs of ideal non-leaky integrate-and-fire neurons. These results indicate that Purkinje cells can act as perfect integrators at low firing rates, and that the integration mode of Purkinje cells depends on their firing rate.