3. Explore potential human responses to climate change Identify

the likely human responses to climate change that may affect the viability and integrity of the focal ecosystems and species. In many cases, the human response to climate change may have BAY 80-6946 a greater impact than direct effects. Efforts to reduce CO2 emissions will result in alternative energy infrastructure development (wind, solar, hydropower, biofuels), leading to a reduction in shrub-steppe habitat area and decreased connectivity among remaining core habitat. 4. Determine which climate-induced threats are MOST critical to address Use the potential impacts and human responses from previous steps, with an analysis of how current threats will be exacerbated, to select the most critical 1–3 threats across the project area. In the shrub-steppe, the most critical climate-induced threats are invasive AZD6094 ic50 cheatgrass expansion and habitat conversion for alternative energy development. 5.

Evaluate if potential climate impacts fundamentally change the project Review the critical threats to assess if any of the project’s ecosystems or species will no longer be viable or feasibly restorable. Adjust or modify focus or scope as necessary. One of the focal species, the sage grouse, is currently thought to have insufficient habitat and low population numbers. With additional habitat loss predicted due to climate change, this species may have insufficient habitat for long-term persistence. Rather than eliminate sage grouse as a focal species completely, the emphasis will be shifted to further highlight the

importance of the shrub-steppe ecosystem. The sage grouse will be captured, though not completely, by shrub-steppe ecosystem strategies. 6. Develop adaptation strategies and evaluate their feasibility and cost Create or update strategies and their Levetiracetam associated statements of the desired outcomes to address the effects of the most significant climate impacts and human responses on the project’s ecosystems and species. Use a feasibility, cost, and benefits analysis to this website prioritize adaptation strategies for implementation. Significantly ramp up and prioritize the existing project strategy to restore native shrub-steppe habitat by removing invasive cheatgrass and limiting its expansion. This includes requiring treatment of larger areas and improved fire management. A new strategy that emerged was to minimize the fragmentation of shrub-steppe habitat from renewable energy development. This strategy includes influencing infrastructure siting and developing a mitigation fund and will be critical for maintaining habitat connectivity and long-term resilience. 7. Develop measures, implement, adapt and learn Following an adaptive management approach, develop measures and monitoring for the climate adaptation strategies. Measure implementation outcomes to improve strategies and learn over time.