bovis group were among the predominant bacteria

in some of the patients selleck kinase inhibitor at admission, and showed a reduction in numbers during treatment and recovery. In addition, we report the first genome sequence of a S. lutetiensis isolate, identifying putative pathogenic islands and virulence genes. However, it was hard to detect all the infectious agents and there were many non-infectious factors that may cause diarrhea; therefore, additional studies are needed to clarify the potential contribution of these bacteria to diarrhea in children. Acknowledgements This work was supported by grants (2011CB504901, 2008ZX10004-001, 2008ZX10004-009, 2009ZX10004-101, 2011SKLID209) from the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Key Programs for Infectious Ruxolitinib in vivo Diseases of China; and by grants from the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, People’s Republic of China. Electronic supplementary material Additional file 1: Table S1: Characteristics of patients and clinical presentation of diarrhea among children included in this study. (DOC 92 KB) Additional file 2: Figure S1: Dominant bacterial species in the feces of the control group. (EPS 285 KB) References 1. Kosek M, Bern C, Guerrant RL: The JNK-IN-8 global burden of diarrhoeal disease, as estimated from studies published between 1992 and 2000. Bull

World Health Organ 2003,81(3):197–204.PubMed 2. O’Ryan M, Prado V, Pickering LK: A millennium update on pediatric

diarrheal illness in the developing world. Semin Pediatr Infect Dis 2005,16(2):125–136.PubMedCrossRef 3. Dethlefsen L, Huse S, Sogin ML, Relman DA: The pervasive effects of an antibiotic on the human gut microbiota, as revealed by deep 16S rRNA sequencing. PLoS Biol 2008,6(11):e280.PubMedCrossRef 4. Vidal R, Vidal M, Lagos R, Levine M, Prado V: Multiplex PCR for diagnosis of enteric infections associated with diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. J Clin Microbiol 2004,42(4):1787–1789.PubMedCrossRef 5. Kaper JB, Nataro JP, Mobley HL: Pathogenic Escherichia coli. Nat Rev Microbiol 2004,2(2):123–140.PubMedCrossRef 6. Nataro JP, Kaper JB: Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli. Clin Microbiol Rev 1998,11(1):142–201.PubMed these 7. Faruque SM, Khan R, Kamruzzaman M, Yamasaki S, Ahmad QS, Azim T, Nair GB, Takeda Y, Sack DA: Isolation of Shigella dysenteriae type 1 and S. flexneri strains from surface waters in Bangladesh: comparative molecular analysis of environmental Shigella isolates versus clinical strains. Appl Environ Microbiol 2002,68(8):3908–3913.PubMedCrossRef 8. Kojima S, Kageyama T, Fukushi S, Hoshino FB, Shinohara M, Uchida K, Natori K, Takeda N, Katayama K: Genogroup-specific PCR primers for detection of Norwalk-like viruses. J Virol Methods 2002,100(1–2):107–114.PubMedCrossRef 9. Xu W, McDonough MC, Erdman DD: Species-specific identification of human adenoviruses by a multiplex PCR assay. J Clin Microbiol 2000,38(11):4114–4120.PubMed 10.