Knee range of motion was measured before and after each exercise bout and 24 h after the final exercise bout. All blood samples were drawn by venipuncture from the antecubital vein into serum separator tubes (BD Vacutainer®, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) under sterile conditions. After inversion, tubes were allowed to clot for 30 min and then centrifuged at 1065g for 10 min at 4 °C. Approximately 3 mL of serum was aliquoted into Eppendorf tubes (3 × 1 mL per tube) and frozen at −80 °C until analysis. All serum samples were evaluated for IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 using a high sensitivity GW3965 purchase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits according to

the manufacturer’s instructions (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA). All assays were analyzed in duplicate within the same microplate to reduce variation. All cytokine assays were read for absorbance on a microplate reader at 490 nm (BioTek ELx808, Winooski, Vermont, USA). When the assay was completed, controls of low, moderate and high concentrations of the cytokines were performed to ensure the kit was functional. All controls were positive in the assay. Blood samples were drawn before and after each exercise bout and 24 h after the final exercise

bout. A single factor (time) repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to analyze changes in all dependent variables Cobimetinib clinical trial over time. If there were differences noted in the repeated measures ANOVA, a Tukeys HSD post-hoc test was performed to evaluate mean differences. The statistical analyses were performed using STATISTICA version 7 (StatSoft, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA) software. The p-value was set at ≤0.05. The participants had the following baseline characteristics: mean ± SEM, age: 21.9 ± 0.6 years; height: 179.5 ± 1.6 cm; and weight: 82.9 ± 2.7 kg. There were no differences noted for the changes in isometric strength over the 4 days (see Table 1, p = 0.066). Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase On the second and third day both before and after the eccentric exercise intervention there was a significant increase in DOMS compared to baseline

(see Fig. 2). There were no other differences noted for DOMS at any of the other time points. The average of the peak torque produced in each of the 6 sets performed each day was taken and compared over the 3 days. There was no statistical difference noted for the change in average power generated over the 3 days (Day 1: 266.7 ± 26.1 vs. Day 2: 242.7 ± 16.9 vs. Day 3: 263.7 ± 13.7 N m, p = 0.328). There were no differences noted in thigh circumference over the 4 days (see Table 1, p = 0.319). Further, there were no differences between time points for the range of motion produced about the knee joint over the 4 days (see Table 1, p = 0.328). Over the 4 day measurement period IL-6 did not show any significant changes as a result of the eccentric exercise intervention (see Table 1, p = 0.983). Interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 were undetectable in the ELISA.